منابع مشابه
Taken by surprise: The paradox of the surprise test revisited
A teacher announced to his pupils that on exactly one of the days of the following school week (Monday through Friday) he would give them a test. But it would be a surprise test; on the evening before the test they would not know that the test would take place the next day. One of the brighter students in the class then argued that the teacher could never give them the test. "It can't be Friday...
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We examine a version of the surprise examination paradox using dynamic epistemic logic. We claim that the difficulties in the puzzle arise from the assumption that announcements are in general successful: the hearer will come to believe that they are true. This principle fails in certain specific cases, and we show that the announcement in the surprise exam paradox is an example. In dynamic epi...
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Constantin Carathéodory MAA 1936 I'll be glad if I have succeeded in impressing the idea that it is not only pleasant to read at times the works of the old mathematical authors, but this may occasionally be of use for the actual advancement of science.
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As our lists of well-monitored species worldwide show increasing numbers of those in decline and under threat, it is a treat for researchers to learn of the discovery of a new species — even more so when it is large, showy and appears to be quite distinct from its nearest known relatives. That was the news last month when researchers reported a new species of palm in Madagascar. It was so disti...
متن کاملSurprise Maximization
D. Borwein, J.M. Borwein and P. Mar e hal July 25, 1999 The Surprise Examination or Unexpe ted Hanging Paradox has long fas inated mathemati ians and philosophers, as the number of publi ations devoted to it attests. For an exhaustive bibliography on the subje t, the reader is referred to [1℄. 1 Herein, the optimization problems arising from an information theoreti avoidan e of the Paradox are ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Cell Biology
سال: 2005
ISSN: 1465-7392,1476-4679
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1105-1038